You can apply for selection to join an astronaut training programme with the European Space Agency (ESA) .
You can also apply to NASA’s training programme if you hold US dual citizenship.
You'll need a degree and a postgraduate qualification in a subject, such as:
- computer science
- engineering
- medicine
- aeronautics
- mathematics
- artificial intelligence
- biology, physics or chemistry
Your postgraduate qualification should be a minimum of a 2-year master's degree, or 2 years of a PhD, in a relevant subject.
You’ll also need:
- 3 years' relevant work experience, for example in scientific research, computing or aerospace engineering, or substantial experience as a jet pilot
- to speak English fluently – language skills are valuable for astronauts working in international teams, and you may be taught extra languages, depending on the mission
- to pass rigorous physical, medical and psychological testing as part of the application process
Age requirements and selection criteria can vary by space agency and recruitment campaign. Selected astronauts are often in their 30s or 40s, reflecting the qualifications and professional experience normally required.
After selection, you'll receive several years' training before you're ready to be assigned to a mission. This may include long periods spent overseas. Once assigned, you'll get further mission-specific training. You can also join a space agency's reserve astronaut team.
The recruitment process is very competitive, with only a small number of astronaut training places available at any one time.
